Fixed-Function Pipeline

From Tech Artists Wiki

A Fixed-Function Pipeline, called FFP for short, is a rendering pipeline that has been mostly replaced by the Programmable Pipeline (shaders).

FFP uses a device-provided algorithm for rendering, with the application modifying any number of factors. However, the algorithms are limited (fixed), and you cannot add your own. The result of any fixed-function is Per-Vertex Lighting.

FFP has been mostly replaced by the Programmable Pipeline, since all new graphics cards (for the past few years) support shaders.